The labels are signposts of our times, reflecting the growing consensus among medical researchers that small changes to diet can have a big impact on health. Encouragingly, the same alterations that seem to benefit our hearts, waistlines and general fitness also seem to reduce our cancer risk. Indeed the three leading causes of death in Australia, heart disease, cancer and stroke, as well as prevalent debilitating conditions including adult-onset diabetes, diverticular disease, weight disorders and liver cirrhosis, can often be prevented . . . with dietary change a key strategy.
The influence of diet on cancer is considerable. Scientists estimate that diet is a major contributory factor in about 35 per cent of all cancer deaths. Thus, of the 22 000 people who die of cancer in Australia each year, no fewer than 7700 deaths are reckoned to be diet-related. The most prevalent cancer killers among Australian men are those affecting the lung, bowel (colon and rectum) and prostate. In women, the ‘big four’ are breast, bowel, lung, and reproductive organs (particularly the uterus and ovaries).
World authorities on cancer trends and causes consider that diet could play a major part in as many as 70 per cent of breast cancers, 70 per cent of cancers of the endometrium (lining of the uterus), 61 per cent of cancers affecting the bowel, and 96 per cent of those affecting the prostate. And, in the case of lung cancer – one of the biggest cancer killers of men and, increasingly, of women -dietary imbalance appears to enhance the damaging effects of tobacco. Thus smokers who neglect fresh fruits and vegetables have a lung cancer risk that is somewhat higher than that of their counterparts who regularly eat these foods.

Cancer authorities worldwide consider dietary modification to be one of the most constructive ways by which individuals can reduce their cancer risk. Based on current evidence, the measures most likely to achieve this end include eating a diet that has plenty of variety and is low in fat, minimising the intake of smoked and salt-cured foods, ensuring that meals include fruits, vegetables and whole grains every day and drinking less alcohol. For the one in three Australians who develop some form of serious cancer during their lifetime, doctors recommend a similar dietary strategy in the lead-up to treatment. Improving nutritional status prior to anticancer therapy does not guarantee success but it is certainly a practical step that patients themselves can take towards helping their bodies cope with the impact of treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

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